国际育种企业对中国新品种保护的期待与展望

5 月 12 日至 5 月 13 日，以“ 新时代新品种保护的新路径 ”为主题 的科技助力雄安生态建设高峰论坛在河北保定市举行。 的2018国际（延庆）植物新品种保护与维权论坛在北京延 庆举行。

本次论坛由北京棕科植物新品种管理有限公司主办，广东省园林植物创新促进会，长城国际展览有限责任公司协办。

来自荷兰、法国、德国、意大利、西班牙、日本等国家的外国专家，以及中国台湾、广东、云南、浙江、上海、江苏、辽宁以及京津冀等地约80余位专业人士参会，共同就植物新品种保护交流心得、分享经验、直面问题并寻求解决方案。

在此次论坛上，国际无性繁殖观赏植物与果树育种家协会前任主席曼苏伊诺(ANDREA MANSUINO) 做了主题为” The expectations of international breeders on plant variety protection in China—— 国际育种企业对中国新品种保护的期待与展望 “ 的报告， 介绍了 CIOPORA——国际无性繁殖观赏植物与果树育种家协会对果树和观赏植物的品种权管理方式，以及创新在观赏植物和果树产业中的地位和作用。

报告摘要：

TOPICS 本次报告探讨话题

1、CIOPORA, who we are, what we do, our members 

      CIOPORA是谁，我们是做什么的，我们的成员有哪些

2、Innovation in the ornamental and fruit industry 

     创新在观赏植物和果树产业中的地位和作用

3、Plant variety protection, not only in the interest of the breeders!

     植物品种保护，不仅仅对育种人有利，而是让整个产业链健康发展

4、Areas of concern for CIOPORA breeders

     CIOPORA的育种者集中的领域

Introduction前言/简介

1、Innovation is the basis of economy

     创新是经济发展的基础

2、Innovation creates added value for the society

     创新为社会创造价值

3、Innovation cannot exist without effective IP protection

     创新离不开有效的知识产权保护

4、Plant Breeders are product innovators and need effective IP protection

     植物育种者都是创新者，都需要有效的知识产权保护

CIOPORA: Who we are/我们是谁

CIOPORA – the International Community of Breeders of Asexually Reproduced Ornamental and Fruit Plants

CIOPORA——国际无性繁殖观赏植物与果树育种家协会

§Founded in 1961 (same year of UPOV by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants)

成立于1961年，与UPOV同年成立

§Worldwide association of BREEDERS of ornamentals and fruit

全球范围的观赏果树和果树育种家协会

§Mission我们的任务/使命: 

•Representation 代理/代表产业发声

•Advise 对法律/规定制定给出具体建议

•Education 对育种者开展教育

•Enforcement  法律 执行

CIOPORA:我们做什么

Advise 建议

-advise on the content of IP laws and enforcement 

CIOPORA在知识产权立法内容上给出建议

-Position Papers on various aspects of PBR 

在品种权各方面给出建议

Representation, Network & Lobby 代表，沟通，陈情

- representation at UPOV, CPVO, governments, industry associations, research institutions, and decision-makers

代表育种者向UPOV，CPOV，政府，产业，协会，机构等陈述育种者的情况和观点

Coordination & Education 协调和教育

-Communicate breeders’ positions on IP to governments, 

将育种者的知识产权与政府联系起来

-Coordinate enforcement activities of its members, raise industry’s awareness towards IP, 

协调会员之间的品种权保护实施行为，提升产业内对知识产权保护的意识

-organize CIOPORA Academy, the education program on IP for plants.

组织了CIOPORA学院，专门讲解植物知识产权

CIOPORA Membership 成员

More than 100 direct members

from five continents.

超过100给直接会员，遍及5大洲

Represents ca. 200 breeders worldwide with turnover of ca. 2 bn USD

代表全球大约200多育种者，营业价值大约20亿美元

The majority: small and medium-sized plant breeding companies

主要成员：小型到中型的植物育种公司

CIOPORA Breeder Members

Innovation 

in the ornamental and fruit industry 观赏植物和果树上的创新途径

1、 Two ways (often integrated): conventional breeding, advanced technologies

      两种途径：常规育种方法，现代先进科技

2、 Innovation targets in ornamentals and fruit: 

      观赏植物和果树的创新目标

improved performance (of plant and final product), sustainability (economical, environmental, social), aesthetical/nutritional added value (taste, shape, color, use)

改良其表现：植株生长表现和最终产品表现，可持续性（经济价值可持续，环境可持续，社会可持续性），观感/营养附加值（味道、形状、颜色、用途）

3、 Global market vs. local markets, different expectations

国际市场和当地市场有不同的期望

Who benefits from the innovation: “the society” 

社会从创新中获利

Who benefits from the innovation: the consumers 

消费者 从创新中获利

Who benefits from the innovation: the trade 

贸易者 从创新中获利

Who benefits from the innovation: the horticultural industry 

园艺产业 从创新中获利

Who benefits from the innovation: the breeders
育种者 从创新中获利

THE WHOLE PRODUCT CHAIN

整个产业链从创新中获利

Some CIOPORA expectations 

on further improvements of the Chinese PVR system

CIOPORA对中国品种权保护系统的几点期待

1 、 All genera and species should be protectable 全部的植物种类都能受到品种保护（属或种）

•Current situation: 

•138 genera and species (listed by the MoA) 

农业部有138个属的新品种能够受到保护（农业农村部）

•206 genera and species (listed by the SFA)
林业部有206个属的新品种能够受到保护（林业和草原局）

•For example, the following species / genera actively bred by CIOPORA members are not protected: 举例，以下CIOPORA成员育成属或种的新品种没有被列入保护名单，

§Bedding cultivars花坛品种: Argyranthemum frutescens, Bacopa (Sutera cordata), Bidens ferulifolia, Calibrachoa hybrida, Cleome hassleriana, Lantana camara (Basket), Lantana hybrida, Lobularia hybrida, Osteospermum ecklonis, Osteospermum hybrida, Pericallis hybrida, Scaevola aemula, Verbena X hortensis  

§Cut flower cultivars切花品种: Gypsophila, Scabiosa, Ornithuogalum, Veronica, Lepidium

2 、 The farmers’ exemption should be limited 农民的特权应被限制

•Nongmin can without seeking permission from, and without paying royalties to, the rightsholder, self-propagate, self-use the propagating material of PVR protected varieties.  

农民可以不经品种权人许可，不向其支付使用费，自繁自用授权品种的繁殖材料   

•Applies to  vegetatively propagated fruits and ornamentals 

•Farmers’ exemption weakens the effectiveness of PVR for our crops, that are not subsistence crops but business crops 农民的特权削弱了我们品种权的约束效率

•Example:举例

 •A nongmin can purchase 1 PVR protected apple tree, propagate this a huge number of times and sell apples for many years, being liable to pay only a single royalty on the initial tree to the breeder.农民可以只购买一棵具有品种权的苹果树，扩繁大量后销售苹果产品

•What constitutes small scale farming in agriculture can be significant for fruit and ornamental crops. 

•The national rural household farm of ca 8.74 mu (6000 square meters) provides space for more than 40,000 rose plants or 1000 apple trees.

3、 The essentially derived variety (EDV) concept should be introduced 实质性派生品质的概念应被引入

•A sufficiently broad EDV concept is important for our crops: 

–Mutants  – natural or induced - arise frequently in ornamental and fruit varieties (e.g. color mutations) 

突变体；

在观赏和水果品种中经常出现（例如颜色突变） 的自然突变或人工诱变品种（举例：颜色突变的品种）

–Varieties resulting from New Breeding Techniques based on traditionally bred varieties are on the rise 

由新的育种技术产生的基于传统育种品种的品种越来越多

–Genetically Modified Varieties are on the rise 

转基因技术的品种越来越多

–There should be a fair business environment, where both the breeder of the initial variety and the breeder of the EDV receive a fair return on investment. 

应形成一个公平的商业环境，既有初始品种的育种家，又有EDV的繁殖者获得公平的投资回报。

CIOPORA position for an effective  EDV concept 对于实质性派生品种概念的定位

•Ornamental and fruit varieties are EDV of the Initial Variety if they are: 

如果一个观赏植物和果树的品种含有以下特征，说明它是一个实质性派生品种

i.predominately derived from the initial variety, and  ii.clearly is tinguishable from the initial variety. 来源于老品种，与老品质有明显的区别

•Therefore, in principle all mutants and GMOs are EDVs.因此，原则上所有的突变品种和转基因品种都是实质性派生品种

4、 Harvested material关于收获物

•Protection of harvested material provides better protection for breeders, loyal licensees and the entire trade chain.

保护收获物对育种者，品种权持有人和整个贸易链都能提供更好的保护。

•The scope of Protection should be at least on the level of the UPOV 1991 Act, i.e. the protection covers propagating material and harvested material.

保护范围应至少在UPOV 1991法案的水平上，即保护范围包括繁殖材料和收获物。

•Preferably, in respect of ornamental and fruit varieties, harvested material as well as products that are obtained directly from material of a protected variety should also be protected directly and per se. 

在观赏和果实品种方面，直接从受保护品种中获得的收获物和产品也应得到直接保护。

5、 Import and export of plant material 进出口植物材料

     The import and export of propagating and harvested material of protected varieties into China and out of China should  require the permission of the title-holder. 

     植物繁殖材料进出中国要求法定所有人的许可

 Crop Specific Solutions Needed 

观赏和水果：需要特定作物的解决方案

1、 They are not food subsistence crops, but business crops 

      它们不是粮食作物，而是商业作物

2、 Most valuable parts of these varieties are flowers and fruits, not the plants/trees

     这些品种植物中 最有价值的部分是花果，而不是植物/树木

3、 Flowers and fruits are intended for the end-consumer in domestic or foreign markets

     鲜花和水果用于国内或国外市场的终端消费者。

Different rules for different crops:agriculture and horticulture have many different souls

不同植物应应用不同的条例：农业作物和园艺植物有很多不同点

1

•Our breeders´ interests differ:

育种者的兴趣不同：

•Small production area 

•No practice of saving seed 

•Easily propagated true to type 

•Not food security crops; high value crops 

•Most of the value is in the end product (the fruit, flowers) 

•Mutations play a big role in the industry

2

This impacts upon:

这受到以下方面的影响：

Application of the farmers’ exemption

农民保护制度的范围

Compulsory licensing 

强制许可

Scope of protection

保护范围

Requirements for EDV

对实质性派生品种概念引入的要求